In this article, we present a comprehensive analysis of the circumstances surrounding the deaths of all deceased Presidents of the United States. Based on historical documents, medical conclusions, and expert assessments, the chronology and causes of death of the nation's heads of state are reconstructed. Special attention is given to eight presidents who died while in office, including four who were assassinated and four who died of natural causes. The statistical analysis covers natural deaths, assassinations, diseases hidden from the public, and unique historical coincidences related to the dates of the presidents' deaths.

This article examines the hypothetical scenario of a full-scale nuclear war and assesses the potential of various countries to survive under conditions of global catastrophe. Based on analysis of scientific research and expert assessments, the key factors determining a nation's and its population's ability to endure a nuclear conflict and subsequent nuclear winter are reconstructed. Particular attention is devoted to researchers' conclusions that only a limited number of countries, primarily located in the Southern Hemisphere, possess the necessary conditions for maintaining agricultural production and social stability in the post-apocalyptic period.

The present article examines a hypothetical scenario of a full-scale nuclear war and assesses the potential of various countries to survive under conditions of a global catastrophe. Based on analyses of scientific research and expert assessments, the key factors determining the ability of a state and its population to survive a nuclear conflict and the ensuing nuclear winter are reconstructed. Particular attention is paid to researchers' conclusions that only a limited number of countries, mainly located in the Southern Hemisphere, possess the necessary conditions to preserve agricultural production and social stability in the post-apocalyptic period.

This article examines the phenomenon of United States involvement in operations to eliminate foreign leaders, which has gained renewed attention in connection with the dramatic events of 2025–2026—the abduction of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro and the death of Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei in a joint US-Israeli strike. Based on analysis of historical documents, expert assessments, and international legal norms, the evolution of US approaches to using coercive methods for regime change is reconstructed. Particular attention is devoted to the contradiction between the official ban on political assassinations and the persistent practice of their application under new legal justifications.

This article examines the phenomenon of the United States' involvement in operations to eliminate foreign leaders, which has taken on new resonance in light of the high-profile events of 2025–2026—the kidnapping of Venezuela's president Nicolás Maduro and the death of Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei as a result of an American-Israeli strike. Based on an analysis of historical documents, expert assessments, and international-law norms, the evolution of U.S. approaches to the use of force for regime change is reconstructed. Special attention is paid to the contradiction between the official prohibition on political assassinations and the continuing practice of their use under new legal justifications.

In this article, the phenomenon of anti-personnel mines as a type of weapon that poses a particular humanitarian threat is examined. On the basis of analysis of international conventions, statistical data, and historical evidence, a comprehensive picture is reconstructed of the impact of this weapon on the civilian population, the international community's efforts to ban it, and current trends related to a number of states withdrawing from the Ottawa Convention. Special attention is given to defining anti-personnel mines, their classification, the history of their use, and the current state of the problem.

In this article, the mountainous system of Kyrgyzstan is considered as a unique geographical object that determines the hydrographic, climatic, and cultural landscape of the region. Based on the analysis of orographic data, glaciological research, and historical evidence, the complex structure of the Tian Shan and Pamir-Alay is reconstructed, forming more than ninety percent of the republic's territory. Special attention is paid to the highest peaks—Pobeda Peak and Khan-Tengri—glacial complexes, as well as the processes linking the cryosphere with the water security of the entire Central Asian region.