S. A. GOROKHOV
Candidate of Geographical Sciences, IG RAS, Moscow State University
R. V. DMITRIEV
Candidate of Geographical Sciences, IG RAS, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow State University
The book " The fate of a scientist in the era of change "(edited by E. A. Bragina, A. Kh. Vafa, G. V. Sdasyuk, T. L. Shaumyan. M., " Canon+", ROII "Rehabilitation", 2014. 320 p. + 12 p. color incl.) is dedicated to the memory of Oleg Vasilyevich Malyarov (1935-2013)- a classic of Russian Indology, Doctor of Economics, chief researcher of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences; a man whose life's meaning was service to the Motherland and love for India.
A brilliant scientist, educator and polemicist, O. V. Malyarov was able to introduce people who were very different in their interests, social status and occupation into the orbit of his life: for some, he "discovered" modern India, for others, he became a like - minded colleague or just a good neighbor and sincere interlocutor.
Being a broad-minded scholar, O. V. Malyarov knew well not only the economy, but also many other aspects of Indian reality, and was well versed in the history, judicial and political system, culture and religion of India.
Oleg Vasilyevich left a great scientific legacy, including 18 monographic studies, of which it is necessary, first of all, to highlight his two-volume, truly encyclopedic work " Independent India. Evolution of the socio-economic model of economic development "(Moscow, Vostochnaya Literatura, 2010, 103 p. l.). O. V. Malyarov's works impress not only with the depth of scientific study of the material and scrupulously selected factual data, but also with the clarity of the author's ideological position - a scientist and patriot of his country, on whose desktop there were always photos of J. R. R. Tolkien.Nehru and E. Che Guevara.
The book "The Fate of a Scientist in an Era of Change" gives an idea of the scale of O. V. Malyarov's personality and the diversity of his interests. It consists of three parts: the first contains articles of his colleagues and friends devoted to the analysis of scientific works of the scientist; the second is devoted to a comparative analysis of the economic development of Russia and India; the third is entirely devoted to the personal memoirs of friends about O. V. Malyarov.
The book is preceded by an article by Academician S. Y. Glazyev, who assesses O. V. Malyarov as an outstanding economist and patriot of our country, who has done much for the development of Russian-Indian relations.
The first section of the book opens with an article by Academician A. A. Akaev and B. A. Akayeva, in which, based on the works of O. V. Malyarov, the authors give a forecast of India's socio-economic development for the first half of the XXI century, according to which by 2030 the country will take the 3rd place in the world in terms of absolute GDP, population will exceed $6 thousand.
The article of Doctor of Geographical Sciences G. V. Sdasyuk, wife of Oleg Vasilyevich, comprehensively analyzes his life path and scientific activities. Galina Vasilyevna focuses readers 'attention on the conclusions of the scientist that are relevant for Russia regarding the key role of the public sector in ensuring the modernization of the economy. O. V. Malyarov deeply experienced the destruction of the Soviet Union and, as a professional economist, saw the tragic consequences for Russia of the "reformism" of the 1990s. Therefore, he devoted all his energy and scientific authority to solving the problems of economic modernization of the country. To his opponents, the apologists of "market fundamentalism", the statesman scientist could have responded with the words of his idol, J. Nehru: "Perhaps we have often acted stupidly, from the point of view of the op-
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portunist politics, but we never forgot what our main goal was ... the revival of this genuine inner strength of the people, and we achieved this, knowing that everything else will inevitably come by itself."
Oleg Vasilyevich's long - term friend, Chief Researcher of IMEMO RAS, Doctor of Economics E. A. Bragina, in his article analyzes his role in the formation of the scientific concept of the development of a multi-layered economy in India, to which O. V. Malyarov devoted his entire life. The concept was implemented in his numerous publications, training courses, and polemical speeches. In the center of his research was the question of the role of the state and the public sector of economic development - Malyarov considered it decisive.
The love and respect that Oleg Vasilyevich enjoyed in the scientific circles of India is evidenced by a short, but emotional, heartfelt article by Professor Mohanty Arun from the Institute of International Studies of the University named after him. Jawaharlal Nehru (Delhi).
Of particular interest is the article by T. L. Shaumyan: the Center for Indian Studies of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences discussed the latest monograph by O. V. Malyarov "The Public Sector of the Indian Economy" (Moscow, Institute of Oriental Countries, 2014, 19.2 pp.).
The second section of the reviewed book contains articles by famous Russian economists, doctors and candidates of sciences: I. M. Bratishchev, S. S. Goncharenko, E. N. Rudyk, Z. V. Nikitina, V. A. Alyoshin, O. V. Ustyuzhantseva. These authors were colleagues of O. V. Malyarov in expert and scientific work in state and public organizations of Russia, they worked together on analytical reports on the problems of economic development of the country. Although O. V. Malyarov is known in the scientific community primarily as an indologist-economist, he did a lot in the scientific analysis of the current economic situation in Russia. As a scientist and patriot of the Motherland, he was concerned about the role of state influence on the economy.
It is interesting to read in the article by I. M. Bratishchev about the acute discussion between O. V. Malyarov and Alexey Ulyukayev (then - Deputy Director of the Institute of Economic Problems of the Transition Period, and now - Minister of Economic Development of the Russian Federation). The discussion took place in 1995 on the pages of Russian print media. Based on the materials of his indological studies, Oleg Vasilyevich defended the point of view that the modernization of Russia requires the active use of methods of state planned economy. Reading these lines today, you realize that if then, two decades ago, Oleg Vasilyevich's arguments had been received with great attention, then now, probably, our country would not have found itself in such a difficult economic situation.
Memories in the final section of the book show Oleg Vasilyevich Malyarov-as his wife, colleagues, and friends saw him. Beginning in the 1990s, Lipovka, a small village with only six houses, in the Nevelsky district of the Pskov Region, began to occupy a significant place in his life. A small village on the shore of a large lake, surrounded by forests and swamps, for many years became his scientific "laboratory", a place where his grandchildren grew up freely, where his old Moscow friends came, and where new acquaintances were made. The memoirs of those who knew Oleg Vasilyevich, primarily from Lipovka, occupy a significant place in the book. The house of O. V. Malyarov and G. V. Sdasyuk was undoubtedly a center of attraction not only for all the villagers and surrounding farmers; professors from Velikiye Luki, Indian diplomats, and heads of the district administration came here.
Here is what R. B. Rybakov, Doctor of Historical Sciences, former director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, tells about Oleg Vasilyevich, for whom Malyarov was a model of a real Russian intellectual: "He was always surprisingly free-among academic squabbles and political dirt, among the complex, vociferously demagogic, adaptable people, he was always clean, harmonious and free". The memoirs of another classic of Russian indology, Doctor of Historical Sciences A. A. Kutsenko, emphasize, first of all, such qualities of Oleg Vasilyevich as loyalty to professional duty, patriotism and spiritual generosity - they were at the heart of his life and work.
Galina Vasilyevna Sdasyuk, the largest Russian economic geographer and indologist, wrote a poignant essay about their life together. It so happened that the chance acquaintance of two young scientists in Delhi in 1960 developed into a wonderful creative and marital union that lasted 53 years. O. V. Malyarov worked hard, got up at 5 o'clock in the morning and, with short breaks, worked all day. And so it was everywhere: at home, on numerous business trips, while on vacation in the village. When his wife asked him if it was time to take a break and slow down, he always answered: "Do what you can, and let it be what it will be."
This was the credo of Oleg Vasilyevich's life.
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