On May 18-20, 2015, the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences hosted the traditional annual "Round table" on "Economic, socio-political, and ethno-confessional Problems of Eastern Countries", organized by the Center for Research on General Problems of the Modern East (CIOPSV), dedicated to the memory of A. I. Levkovsky (1924-1985). About 30 reports were heard (teachers, postgraduates, undergraduates of ISAA, employees of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Africa of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oriental Studies of Uzbekistan).

BIBIKOVA Olga Pavlovna-Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Institute of Historical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Head of the Institute of Historical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Editor-in-Chief of the journal " Russia and the Muslim World "(IV RAS and INION RAS);

Olga BIBIKOVA - PhD (in History), Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Oriental Studies RAS; Deputy Editor-in Chief of the "Russia and the Muslim World" journal, olbibikova@mail.ru.

TSVETKOVA Nina Nikolaevna-Candidate of Economic Sciences, Leading Researcher of the Institute of Information Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Senior Researcher of the ISAA of Moscow State University.

Nina TSVETKOVA - PhD (in Tconomy), Leading Research Fellow, Institute of Oriental Studies RAS; Senior researcher, Institute of Asian and African Countries. Moscow State University, vladtsvetkov@mail.ru.

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The section "Ethno-confessional problems of Eastern countries" discussed the following topics:: "Problems of the Middle East" (Sunni-Shiite contradictions in Iraq, secular opposition in Tunisia, the situation of the Kurdish minority in Turkey) and "Religion and Politics" (Sufism in India, the situation of the Church of Antioch, Islam in Ukraine, the religious situation in Karachay-Cherkessia, etc.).

O. P. Bibikova (IB RAS) reviewed the situation of Muslims in Ukraine. The active penetration of Islam in this region began in the middle of the XV century with the emergence of the Crimean Khanate (1443-1783). Currently, the majority of people who profess Islam are natives of the Black Sea region. Before the secession of Crimea in 2014, it was estimated that about 2 million people live within Ukraine. muslims. The Ukrainian Muslim community is replenished with immigrants from Muslim countries, primarily from the Middle East. These are Arab students, Turkish workers and entrepreneurs. The number of Slavs (Russians, Ukrainians) who have converted to Islam is growing. Muslim communities predominate geographically in the east and south of the country. The most active part of Muslims are graduates of Ukrainian universities and their relatives. They mostly come from families where, as a rule, there were no people with higher education, and they spent the years of their formation on the territory of the former USSR, i.e. their mentality was formed by Soviet realities. Among them is Mufti of Ukraine Ahmed Tamim (born 1956), a native of Lebanon, a graduate of the Kiev Polytechnic Institute. In 1992. on his initiative, the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Ukraine (DUMA) was formed in Ukraine, which he heads to this day. His goal was to spread true knowledge about Islam, strengthen ties between Muslim communities in different countries, and counter religious extremism. In addition to the State Duma, there is a Spiritual Center of Independent Muslim Citizens (Spiritual Center of Independent Muslim Communities), headed by Rashid Bragin. In 10 major cities of the country, there are Muslim organizations, including those created by Arab students who studied at Ukrainian universities. Their coordinator is the Inter-regional Association of Public Organizations "Ar-Raid" with its central office in Kiev. In Ukraine, there are 7 Muslim religious educational institutions with 276 students, 90 Sunday schools, and 5 periodicals.

S. B. Filatov's presentation (IB RAS) is based on his field research in Karachay-Cherkessia in 1998-2008. The object of his study was the religious life of the peoples of the republic of Karachay, Russians, Circassians, Abazins and Nogais who profess Christianity and Islam (since the XIX century). In the religious cult of almost all peoples, traces of ancient beliefs are preserved. Circassians and Abazins are less Islamized than other peoples of the North Caucasus. Their customs and religious beliefs still contain elements of paganism, which explains the symbiosis that combines elements of Islam, Habze (traditional beliefs) and Europeanism. The degree of religiosity of the peoples living here was influenced by various historical events. In particular, Russia, which extended its influence to the North Caucasus at the end of the 18th century, contributed to the Christianization of the region, but did not affect traditional beliefs and Islam. The situation of the latter remained quite favorable after the revolutions of 1917, but in 1928-1930 the struggle against Islam was launched, aimed at its complete destruction. In addition, the mentality of the Karachai people was greatly influenced by the deportation carried out in November 1943 by order of Stalin. There is still debate among scientists and public figures about how the deportation affected the religiosity of the Karachai people. Some believe that their faith has strengthened, helped them to unite and survive, while others believe that during the deportation, the Karachays have largely lost their national culture, language, and faith. Today, there are more than 100 Islamic communities in the republic. However, their situation is complicated by the manifestation of ethnic separatism, including in the formation of governing structures. It was not possible to create a muftiate of the Nogai people, Circassians express dissatisfaction with the dominance of Karachays in the leadership of the muftiate, etc. The Wahhabis ' attempts to gain their positions also did not pass the republic. As for the Russian Orthodox Church, the activities of parishes largely depend on the personality of the hierarchs who lead them, who rely on the local Cossacks. However, the latter are in strained relations with the mountain population, who profess Islam and traditional beliefs.

L. Z. Taneyeva-Salomatshayeva (IB RAS) dedicated her speech to Indian Sufism, one of the Muslim brotherhoods in India. The spread of Islam in Hindustan and South Asia was accompanied by the emergence of Sufi tariqas, which were based on the ideology of Middle Eastern fraternities. On a new ethnic basis, they acquired other features that indicate the depth of their penetration into folk culture. In particular, the Order of "Chishtiya"

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He had an exceptional influence on the mystic poet Amir Hasan Dehlavi (1253-1337 / 1338) and the court poet Amir Khusrau Dehlavi (1253-1325).

I. A. Vorobyova (IB RAS) highlighted the current situation of the Patriarchate of Antioch. The Antiochian Orthodox Church ranks third among autocephalous local churches. Its official canonical territory includes Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Kuwait and other countries of the Persian Gulf, Iran, as well as Southern Turkey. In the 11th century, crusaders appeared in the Middle East. The situation of Orthodox Christians worsened dramatically, because Catholics considered the followers of Eastern Orthodoxy inferior Christians, who either had to be converted to Catholicism, or persuaded by any means to unionize. The Crusades caused a rise in religious intolerance and provoked numerous persecutions of Christians by Muslims. From the middle of the 14th century, the new residence of the patriarchs of Antioch was Damascus. Thus, Christians, who made up about half of the population of Syria and Palestine in the eleventh century, turned into relatively small ethnic and religious groups 200 years later. However, the Orthodox Arabs sought to overcome their cultural isolation in the Eastern Christian world, to join the latest achievements of scientific and spiritual Christian thought. The Arab scribes did a great job of unifying worship according to the Greek printed books, and left many translations, compilations,and original works on all branches of the humanities. By the end of the 17th century, Ottoman power had waned, and the influence of European states in the Middle East had increased. As a result, Catholic missionaries have achieved some success. There was a schism in a number of ancient Eastern churches. Thus, in the Patriarchate of Antioch in 1724, about a third of the Orthodox Arabs joined the union. Large groups of Christians continued to move from one community to another. However, the influence of renaissance ideas in the 19th century contributed to the fact that the Patriarchate of Antioch achieved canonical independence. Great support was provided by the Russian Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society, which opened a network of schools for Orthodox people.

A. G. Hajiyev (IB RAS) analyzed the situation of the Kurdish minority in Turkey, based on the so-called Euro Reports published since 1998. These reports, prepared by EU observers, play a certain role in relations between European countries and Turkey. Back in 1995. The EU linked the issue of Turkey's accession to the EU with the adoption of measures by the Turkish government for a political solution to the Kurdish problem. The existence of the "Kurdish issue" in the country was officially recognized by the Turkish authorities in 2005. The Kurdish issue significantly affects the national interests of Turkey, creating a zone of instability in a number of regions of the country. EU reports have repeatedly drawn attention to the fact that the Turkish law on combating terrorism does not clearly define the concept of "terrorism". This is often used by Turkish law enforcement agencies as a means of restricting the fundamental freedoms of Kurds. It is characteristic that the Turkish leadership considers the Kurdish community within the framework of the Lausanne Peace Treaty of 1923., according to which non-Muslim communities consisting of Turkish citizens of Jewish, Greek and Armenian origin are recognized as national minorities of the Republic of Turkey. Kurds, according to Turkish law, do not belong to this category. The majority of Kurds practice Sunni Islam, some Shiite Islam, including Alevism, as well as Yazidism and Christianity. The Kurdish problem complicates Turkey's relations with Iraq, in the north of which the Kurdish Autonomous Region (KAR) is located. The latest report published by the European Commission on 8 October 2014 on addressing the problems of national minorities notes the need for large-scale legislative reforms to protect and implement the freedoms of thought, conscience and religion. The report emphasizes that the relevant legal acts must comply with the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights, Council of Europe recommendation resolutions and EU standards.

K. S. Azimov (Institute of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan) focused on the results of "color revolutions" as conflict situations organized to change the nature of power in a number of countries. It is believed that the "author" of such a model of power change is Gene Sharp, the author of a number of books, including "From Dictatorship to Democracy", "The Politics of Nonviolent Action", "198 methods of Nonviolent action" ("198 methods of nonviolent action"). Methods of Nonviolent Action"). About the latter, the French orientalist T. Meyssan wrote that it includes obviously illegal actions (methods of political and economic sabotage), and paragraph 148 implies the organization of a rebellion.

The result of the successful "color revolutions" was the reorientation of the political regime to pro-American and anti-Russian. And since the "color revolutions" took place in Russia-

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Due to its close proximity to the Russian borders, it can be concluded that at the next stage, a "color revolution" is possible in Russia itself. Except for J. R. R. Tolkien. Sharpe, who gave Washington the idea of "color revolutions" in those countries that the United States is going to use for anti-Russian purposes, should also be remembered for the "chaos theory" developed by S. Mann, a former employee of the US Embassy in Moscow.

Analysis of the organization and conduct of "color revolutions" shows that the directors of such political actions act according to a certain scenario. First, there are non-governmental organizations (NGOs), whose activities help to create a sympathetic society. At the same time, political goals are achieved using information and psychological technologies that encourage people to conduct "peaceful" political actions. In fact, these people are used to organize a "legitimate" coup, the ultimate goal of which is still the same "democracy". Foreign sponsors organize "schools of democracy" all over the world, inviting young people to study, financing opposition political parties whose leaders declare their support for the Western model of democracy and liberal values. Unresolved socio-economic problems are a breeding ground for the emergence of public discontent and subsequent protest actions.

R. M. Ziganshin (Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences) made a report on the religious foundations of socio-political processes in China. He noted the influence of religious and mythological ideas and traditions of Taoism and Confucianism on the socio-political processes in Chinese society. Both teachings speak of the need for enlightened and humane government. This is the key to the very existence of the state, which was highly sacralized with all its attributes and representatives of power. Confucianism as a teaching and state ideology absorbed many of the provisions of almost all schools of traditional China and predetermined socio-political processes in it for many centuries.

U. Z. Sharipov (IB RAS) presented a report on the role of Sunni-Shiite contradictions in the aggravation of the political situation in the Middle East. R. M. Sharipova (IB RAS) presented a report on "Women in Islam and the Judeo-Christian tradition". V. P. Kirichenko (IB RAS) described the role of the Druze confessional community in political life Lebanon (at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries).

The session of the section " Economic and socio-political problems of Eastern countries "focused on such blocks of problems as" Innovative development of Eastern countries"," Turning to the East: Russia and its Afro-Asian partners, problems of import substitution","Social and socio-political problems of Eastern countries".

N. N. Tsvetkova (Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences) spoke about the activities of A. I. Levkovsky, an outstanding Russian orientalist, and devoted her report to the topic "Problems of big capital in Eastern countries in the works of A. I. Levkovsky and modern trade and industrial groups in Eastern countries". The 1970s were a time when the Department of General Problems of Modern Development of Asian and North African Countries of the Institute of Higher Education of the Academy of Sciences under the leadership of G. F. Kim gathered a galaxy of remarkable scientists: among them A. I. Levkovsky, N. A. Simonia, L. I. Reisner, V. G. Rastiannikov, L. R. Gordon-Polonskaya, V. F. Lee. The life of A. I. Levkovsky was in many ways overcoming. At the age of three, he became ill with a severe form of polio and became disabled. Then my father was arrested, and my mother died.

The concept of multi-structure, developed by A. I. Levkovsky, helps to understand the economic system of Asian and African countries. In the Republic of the Congo, 90% of its revenue comes from oil exports. The country has a fairly high PPP per capita INCOME ($4,470 in 2012, compared to $ 610 in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo). However, in 2011, 28.7% of the population lived on less than $ 1.9 a day, 52.7% on less than $ 3.1 a day [http://databank.worldbank; http://data.worldbank, 2015]. In fact, oil revenue flows do not reach the lower levels, and it is in them that the majority of the population is employed in semi-natural agriculture or in the informal sector of the city. Multiculturalism has also become a reality in some transition countries, where there has been a renaissance of small-scale and natural-patriarchal ways.

The subject of research in the works of A. I. Levkovsky and in the collections published under his editorship was also large-scale private capitalist entrepreneurship in the countries of the East. The specifics of some Eastern countries are that trade and industrial groups play an important role there, in particular in India. Traditional groups established in the 19th century are now operating in the most innovative industries. N. N. Tsvetkova considered in detail the innovative aspects in the activities of the largest trade and industrial groups in the Eastern countries.

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An example is the Tata Group, whose first trading company was founded in 1868. Tata Consultancy Services, a member of the group, is a leader in the Indian IT services industry, and it is also a leader in implementing advanced labor-saving robotics and automation technologies.

V. A. Melyantsev (MSU ISAA) made a presentation on "Economic growth in developed and developing countries: assessment of the most important trends and factors". He noted that, taking advantage of their comparative advantages in the context of globalization and implementing a series of pragmatic reforms, a number of large developing countries (MS) in 2000-2014 managed to achieve sevenfold superiority in average annual GDP growth rates per capita, reducing the gap in development levels with the WG by 2/5. Within the G20, in 2000-2014, the faster growth of per capita GDP in the RS compared to the RG was determined by: a third of the convergence effect, i.e., a relatively lower initial level of per capita income in the RS; a quarter of the overall higher rate of accumulation of physical and human capital in the RS; two-fifths of the relatively more significant (than in the (c) Progress in improving the level of economic freedom over the period. Countries currently facing acute financial and social problems have tripled their contribution to G20 GDP growth from 30% in 2000-2007 to 10% in 2008-2014. and its share in the total potential of the G20 (according to the six - component composite index) - by a quarter (in 2000-2014, from 62% to 45%).

The deceleration of the average annual economic growth rates of the RG in 1980-2014 compared to 1950-1980 was caused by 2/3 of the achievement of higher levels of per capita income (and, consequently, labor and social costs) by the RG and 1/3 of their transition to the functional mode of faster loss of the demographic dividend. The average age in the RG (42-43 years in 2014) is 1.5 times higher than in the RS (29-30 years, without the PRC-26). Ahead of 2000-2014. In terms of the level of capital investment efficiency and the average annual growth rate of aggregate factor productivity (TFP) by 2.5-3 times, RS as a whole have reduced their TFP gap by about a third. However, in terms of the level of SFP and its contribution to GDP growth, the RS still lags three times behind the RGS on average, where traditional measures of economic growth are likely to underestimate its pace. In addition, the expanded human development index of the RS, adjusted for the level of inequality and the degree of freedom development attributed to the RG indicator, slightly decreased in 2000-2014, which was largely determined by relatively weak progress in the quality of their socio-economic and political institutions.

I. V. Deryugina (Institute of Information Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences) made a report "Scientific and technological progress in the Eastern countries: unevenness and heterogeneity". Modern scientific and technological progress began to spread in the agriculture of the Eastern countries with the "green revolution", and by the early 1970s it had already covered most of South and Southeast Asia. Technologically, the "green revolution" began with the biological and chemical stage, which involved the creation of high-yielding crop varieties specifically for Asia, the introduction of agricultural technologies required for new varieties, the growth of the share of irrigated land, and the large-scale use of mineral fertilizers.

Similarly, scientific and technological progress in agriculture in the 2000s can be called the "second green revolution". New technologies have mainly affected crops that are raw materials for industrial processing (corn, cotton, soybeans, oil palm) and have an increased demand on the world market. Such classical technologies as zero tillage; crop rotations; the use of organic fertilizers; the introduction of precision farming elements (for example, drip irrigation, metered application of mineral fertilizers); as well as biotechnologies (in particular, genetically modified crops) have become widespread. The implementation of the new stage of scientific and technological development is very uneven both across countries and regions, and across agricultural sectors.

Topic of the report by L. F. Pakhomova (IB RAS) "New economic course of the Government of Indonesia". She noted that Indonesia's economic growth is based not only on the traditional use of the country's significant raw materials and energy resources, but also on the development of its manufacturing industry and other new sectors of the national economy, which is due to the gradual transformations implemented by the Government of the country. The combination of Indonesia's vigorous foreign trade policy and domestic reforms provides the necessary effect for the progressive development of the national economy as part of the implementation of the new economic course. In the first decade of the twenty-first century, during an era of dynamic global economic development in almost all regions of the world and a commodity boom, Indonesia's economy developed at a relatively high rate - an average of 5.6% per year, but it looked quite strong.

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modestly compared to other Asian countries. At the same time, during the new phase of global economic development in 2014-2020, which, according to Citigroup experts, will be characterized by a noticeable slowdown in the global economy and a decline in the situation on the main commodity markets, the dynamics of the development of the national economy of Indonesia will remain at the same high level (5.5%), which will lead the country A recent study conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) notes that Indonesia will be among the top five countries with the largest GDP by 2030 and may even become the world's fourth-largest economy in terms of PPP by 2050, if the Indonesian authorities can maintain a strong economic base and conditions for sustainable growth.

E. R. Amirov (ISAA) elaborated on the spread and use of information and communication technologies in Arab countries.

The second block of problems discussed in the section is "Turning to the East": Russia and its Afro-Asian partners, problems of import substitution. A report by A.V. Akimov and N. N. Tsvetkova (both IB RAS) on "Import substitution in Russia and the BRICS countries" was presented on these issues. A.V. Akimov noted that two processes are important for Russia in the context of Western sanctions: import substitution and import substitution from Western countries. Cooperation with BRICS countries and taking into account their experience can help Russia increase domestic production and replace imports from Western countries. BRICS investors can also take part in import substitution. For the production of goods for the Russian consumer, Russian investments in the BRICS countries are possible. Such opportunities are created, in particular, by the make in India policy of the Indian government, which encourages foreign investment in this country.

When implementing the import substitution policy in Russia, it is necessary to combine support for market mechanisms, small and medium-sized businesses, especially in agriculture and consumer goods production, and state participation in mechanical engineering and the chemical industry. In this group, business risks are high and it is difficult to establish intra-and intersectoral interaction. These tasks, as the experience of the PRC shows, are better performed by state structures.

E. V. Rastiannikova (IB RAS) in the report " BRICS Countries: fish industry increasing demands for protein food and environmental restrictions on production " considered one of the important areas of import substitution.

E. N. Korendyasov (IAfr.Russian Academy of Sciences) made a presentation on "Russia's cooperation with African countries". According to him, in the 1990s the potential of Soviet-African cooperation developed over decades was lost. However, at present, the Russian-African partnership is significantly expanding. This process is unlikely to be a breakthrough, but Russia will overcome an important stage on the path of its full-scale "return" to Africa in terms of achieving such a scale of cooperation that would correspond to mutual interests and the pace of formation of a multipolar and just world order in the twenty-first century. Africans are determined to increase partnership relations with emerging new centers of power in world politics and with their associations, including BRICS.

E. T. Ahn (ISAA) devoted her report to the topic "South Korean companies in Russia". South Korean companies are showing interest in investment projects in Russia. President Park Geun - hye's" Euro-Asian Initiative " is a strategy for improving inter-Korean relations and boosting large-scale cooperation with North-East Asia and with the Eurasian states in general. According to the structure and geography of South Korean direct investment in Russia for many years, the manufacturing industry and the construction industry have been leading. Since 2009, there has been investment activity in the field of automotive and chemical production, the production of household appliances and high-tech products, and the agricultural sector. At the present stage, South Korean investors are interested in developing their operations in Russian regions, so the geography of their investments is being diversified. Joint Russian-South Korean enterprises have been established not only in Moscow and St. Petersburg, but also in the Far East, Yekaterinburg, the Republic of Tatarstan, Ulyanovsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Kaliningrad, and the Kaluga Region.

T. N. Ustinova (Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences) made a presentation on " Russian-Japanese relations: Is a reset possible?". Despite the fact that Russian-Japanese relations have always been rather difficult due to the territorial problem, both sides have always tried to find ways to develop them both in the economic and political spheres. But in 2014, Japan, under the influence of the United States, joined the anti-Russian sanctions, as a result of which tensions between the two countries increased. Investments in Russia and cooperation in development were frozen

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outer space and the agreement on the prevention of dangerous military activities. Russian-Japanese consultations on visa facilitation were suspended. However, in terms of economic cooperation, relations between Russia and Japan have not suffered a sharp deterioration. The adopted package of sanctions turned out to be significantly weaker than the US and EU sanctions, which is primarily due to the principles of economic benefit and expediency.

O. A. Ledovskaya (Institute of Internal Affairs of the Russian Academy of Sciences) in her report "Japan's policy in Central Asia and Russia's Interests" noted that Japan began to pursue a policy of putting forward its own initiatives in new regions since 1992. Over the past period of time, certain areas of its foreign economic activity in Central Asia have developed: development of economic ties with countries; support for " open regional cooperation"; partnership based on the common universal values of the rule of law, democracy, and human rights. Japan's main foreign economic goal in the region is to promote the expansion of the US position in Central Asia.

In his report on the situation in Lebanon during the Second World War, R. G. Panda (Institute of Political and Social Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences) analyzed in detail the problems of Franco-English rivalry around Lebanon in the section "Social and socio-political Problems". During the Second World War, a law was passed in Lebanon that determined the fate of the country for many decades. The highest posts in the state were distributed according to the confessional principle. However, by the end of the 20th century, the ethno-confessional structure of the country underwent drastic changes, and the proportion of Muslims increased.

Z. N. Galich's report "Trends and problems in the evolution of cities in Eastern countries" focused on modern archaeological discoveries that allow researchers of the city to take a fresh look at the formation and development of the ancient city and urbanization. Over the past two centuries, urbanization and the city, initially important components of the historical process, integrating and resulting from it, gradually become the main indicators of development and progress. Cities acquire a large-scale spatial scope and global meaning, actively participating in the creation of fundamental basic pillars, leading social groups, actors, and key institutional entities of the Modern and Contemporary universe.

A. Kim, M. Sinitsyn, N. Sokolova, and M. Filippova (all ISAA) made a presentation on the comparison of the Experienced Well-Being, Human Development Index, and Global Competitiveness Index in Asia and North Africa. They calculated the degree of correlation between the indices. The discrepancy between objective and subjective indicators should rather be explained by differences in cultural perception and the subjective nature of the human psyche as a whole. Religion, values, and lifestyle play a direct role in shaping the worldview in society.

The human development index of the PRC reaches values above the global and regional average levels of 0.72. However, the graphs show that the country is clearly below the trend in terms of perceived well-being: the index of experienced well-being in China is 4.2 points, with an expected level of 5 points. This can be explained by a number of reasons: environmental problems in large cities of China have worsened, the problem of overpopulation and lack of resources, the income gap between the poor and rich segments of the population. Chinese people feel less happy than residents of such dysfunctional countries as Afghanistan, Laos, Pakistan, and Iraq. Taiwan's wealth index stands at 3.37, which is lower than in least developed countries such as Bangladesh. The HDI is only 0.65, which puts Taiwan between Iraq and the Philippines, two of the region's less-than-prosperous countries. Although Taiwan's per capita GDP is much higher than that of China, the wealth index and HDI show that Chinese people are happier and their standard of living is higher.

L. A. Birchanskaya (IB RAS) made a presentation on "Problems of immigrants in the Russian Federation". G. I. Smirnova (IB RAS) made a report on the problems of relations between Northern and Southern Sudan. A.V. Kiva (IB RAS) titled his report "After the Arab Spring". R. G. Landa made a closing speech.

INTERNET SOURCES

htlp://databank. worldbank. org/data/reports.aspx?C'ode=NY. GNP. PCAP (accessed: 1.10.2015).

http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY (accessed on 1.10.2015).

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