The present article examines a hypothetical scenario of a full-scale nuclear war and assesses the potential of various countries to survive under conditions of a global catastrophe. Based on analyses of scientific research and expert assessments, the key factors determining the ability of a state and its population to survive a nuclear conflict and the ensuing nuclear winter are reconstructed. Particular attention is paid to researchers' conclusions that only a limited number of countries, mainly located in the Southern Hemisphere, possess the necessary conditions to preserve agricultural production and social stability in the post-apocalyptic period.

This article presents a comprehensive biography of Sir Isaac Newton, one of the most influential scientists in human history whose work fundamentally transformed humanity's understanding of the physical universe. Based on analysis of historical documents, scientific treatises, and biographical accounts, this article reconstructs Newton's trajectory from a solitary Cambridge scholar to President of the Royal Society and Master of the Mint. Particular attention is devoted to his groundbreaking contributions to physics, mathematics, optics, and astronomy, as well as his lesser-known pursuits in alchemy, theology, and chronology. The complex personality of Newton—secretive, intensely focused, and intellectually relentless—emerges as inseparable from the revolutionary ideas that laid the foundation for classical mechanics and dominated scientific thought for three centuries.